In vivo tebuconazole administration impairs heart electrical function and facilitates the occurrence of dobutamine-induced arrhythmias: involvement of reactive oxygen species.

Tebuconazole (TEB), a widely used pesticide in agriculture to combat fungal infections, is commonly detected in global food, potable water, groundwater, and human urine samples. Despite its known in vivo toxicity, its impact on heart function remains unclear. In a 28-day study on male Wistar rats (approximately 100 g), administering 10 mg/kg/day TEB or a vehicle (control) revealed no effect on body weight gain or heart weight, but an increase in the infarct area in TEB-treated animals. Notably, TEB induced time-dependent changes in in vivo electrocardiograms, particularly prolonging the QT interval after 28 days of administration. Isolated left ventricular cardiomyocytes exposed to TEB exhibited lengthened action potentials and reduced transient outward potassium current. TEB also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in these cardiomyocytes, a phenomenon reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Furthermore, TEB-treated animals, when subjected to an in vivo dobutamine (Dob) and caffeine (Caf) challenge, displayed heightened susceptibility to severe arrhythmias, a phenotype prevented by NAC. In conclusion, TEB at the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose adversely affects heart electrical function, increases arrhythmic susceptibility, partially through ROS overproduction, and this phenotype is reversible by scavenging ROS with NAC.

Isolated Left Atrium Morphofunctional Study of an Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension Model in Rats. / Estudo Morfofuncional do Átrio Esquerdo Isolado de um Modelo Experimental de Hipertensão Pulmonar em Ratos.

BACKGROUND: The high incidence of atrial arrhythmias in pulmonary hypertension (PH) might be associated with poor prognosis, and the left atrium (LA) may play a role in this. An important finding in PH studies is that LA remodeling is underestimated. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated LA morphology and mechanical function, as well as the susceptibility to develop arrhythmias in a monocrotaline-induced PH (MCT-PH) model. METHODS: Wistar rats aged 4 weeks received 50 mg/kg of MCT. Electrocardiography and histology analysis were performed to evaluate the establishment of the MCT-PH model. The tissue was mounted in an isolated organ bath to characterize the LA mechanical function. RESULTS: Compared with the control group (CTRL), the MCT-PH model presented LA hypertrophy and changes in cardiac electrical activity, as evidenced by increased P wave duration, PR and QT interval in MCT-PH rats. In LA isolated from MCT-PH rats, no alteration in inotropism was observed; however, the time to peak contraction was delayed in the experimental MCT-PH group. Finally, there was no difference in arrhythmia susceptibility of LA from MCT-PH animals after the burst pacing protocol. CONCLUSION: The morphofunctional remodeling of the LA did not lead to increased susceptibility to ex vivo arrhythmia after application of the burst pacing protocol.

FUNDAMENTO: A alta incidência de arritmias atriais na hipertensão pulmonar (HP) pode estar associada a um prognóstico ruim, e o átrio esquerdo (AE) pode desempenhar um papel neste quadro. Um achado importante nos estudos de HP é que a remodelação do AE é subestimada. OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou a morfologia e a função mecânica do AE, bem como a suscetibilidade ao desenvolvimento de arritmias em um modelo de HP induzida por monocrotalina (HP-MCT). MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar com 4 semanas de idade receberam 50 mg/kg de MCT. Foram realizadas análises eletrocardiográficas e histológicas para avaliar o estabelecimento do modelo de HP-MCT. O tecido foi montado em banho de órgão isolado para caracterizar a função mecânica do AE. RESULTADOS: Em comparação com o grupo controle, o modelo de HP-MCT apresentou hipertrofia do AE e alterações da atividade elétrica cardíaca, conforme evidenciadas pelo aumento da duração da onda P, PR e intervalo QT. Não foi observada alteração no inotropismo do AE isolado de ratos com HP-MCT; no entanto, o tempo para atingir a contração máxima foi atrasado. Finalmente, não observamos diferença na suscetibilidade à arritmia no AE dos ratos com HP-MCT após o protocolo de estimulação intermitente. CONCLUSÃO: A remodelação morfofuncional do AE não levou ao aumento da suscetibilidade à arritmia ex vivo após a aplicação do protocolo de estimulação intermitente.

Evaluation of right atrium structure and function in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension: Exploring the possible antiarrhythmic properties of amiodarone.

Atrial arrhythmias (AA) are common in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and are closely associated with poor clinical outcomes. One of the most studied models to investigate PH is the rat model of monocrotaline (MCT) induced PH (MCT-PH). To date, little is known about right atrium (RA) function in the MCT-PH model and the propensity of RA to develop arrhythmias. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the function of the RA of control (CTRL) and MCT treated rats, and the ability of amiodarone, a classical antiarrhythmic, to prevent the occurrence of AA in the RA in MCT-PH rats. RA function was studied in MCT-PH rats 20 days after a single subcutaneous injection of MCT 50 mg/kg. The histological results indicated the presence of RA and right ventricular hypertrophy. Surface electrocardiogram demonstrated increased P wave duration, PR wave duration and QT interval in MCT rats. RA from MCT rats were more susceptible to develop ex vivo burst pacing arrhythmias when compared to CTRL. Intriguingly, amiodarone in clinical relevant concentration was not able to prevent the occurrence arrhythmias in RA from MCT-PH animals. Hence, we conclude that the rat model of MCT-PH impairs RA structure and function, and acute exposure of RA to amiodarone in clinical relevant concentration is not able to attenuate the onset of arrhythmias in the ex vivo RA preparation.

Exploring the involvement of TASK-1 in the control of isolated rat right atrium function from healthy animals and an experimental model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

The TASK-1 channel belongs to the two-pore domain potassium channel family. It is expressed in several cells of the heart, including the right atrial (RA) cardiomyocytes and the sinus node, and TASK-1 channel has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atrial arrhythmias (AA). Thus, using the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (MCT-PH), we explored the involvement of TASK-1 in AA. Four-week-old male Wistar rats were injected with 50 mg/kg of MCT to induce MCT-PH and isolated RA function was studied 14 days later. Additionally, isolated RA from six-week-old male Wistar rats were used to explore the ability of ML365, a selective blocker of TASK-1, to modulate RA function. The hearts developed right atrial and ventricular hypertrophy, inflammatory infiltrate and the surface ECG demonstrated increased P wave duration and QT interval, which are markers of MCT-PH. The isolated RA from the MCT animals showed enhanced chronotropism, faster contraction and relaxation kinetics, and a higher sensibility to extracellular acidification. However, the addition of ML365 to extracellular media was not able to restore the phenotype. Using a burst pacing protocol, the RA from MCT animals were more susceptible to develop AA, and simultaneous administration of carbachol and ML365 enhanced AA, suggesting the involvement of TASK-1 in AA induced by MCT. TASK-1 does not play a key role in the chronotropism and inotropism of healthy and diseased RA; however, it may play a role in AA in the MCT-PH model.

Ranolazine exerts atrial antiarrhythmic effects in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Atrial arrhythmias are a hallmark of heart diseases. The antiarrhythmic drug ranolazine with multichannel blocker properties is a promising agent to treat atrial arrhythmias. We therefore used the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary-hypertension to assess whether ranolazine can reduce the incidence of ex vivo atrial arrhythmias in isolated right atrium. Four-week-old Wistar rats were injected with 50 mg/kg of monocrotaline, and isolated right atrium function was studied 14 days later. The heart developed right atrium and right ventricular hypertrophy, and the ECG showed an increased P wave duration and QT interval, which are markers of the disease. Moreover, monocrotaline injection caused enhanced chronotropism and faster kinetics of contraction and relaxation in isolated right atrium. Additionally, in a concentration-dependent manner, ranolazine showed chronotropic and ionotropic effects upon isolated right atrium, with higher potency in the control when compared with experimental model. Using a burst pacing protocol, the isolated right atrium from the monocrotaline-treated animals was more susceptible to develop arrhythmias, and ranolazine was able to attenuate the phenotype. Thus, we concluded that the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary-hypertension develops right atrium remodelling, which increased the susceptibility to present ex vivo atrial arrhythmias, and the antiarrhythmic drug ranolazine ameliorated the phenotype.

Autocuidado para higiene oral em adultos e idosos no campo da enfermagem: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Self-care for oral hygiene in adults and older adults in the field of nursing: a scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Mapear evidências disponíveis sobre os antecedentes, atributos e consequentes do autocuidado para higiene oral de adultos e idosos, no campo da enfermagem. MÉTODO: Conduzido conforme a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute. Como critério de elegibilidade, serão utilizados a população de adultos e idosos, o conceito de autocuidado para a higiene oral e o contexto dos ambientes de cuidado de enfermagem. Na estratégia de busca, serão pesquisadas palavras relevantes em título e resumo, inicialmente em duas bases, que auxiliará na estratégia final de busca para todas as bases e, por fim, serão consultadas as referências dos estudos incluídos. As bases consultadas serão: Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science (WOS) e IBECS. Para busca de literatura cinzenta, serão utilizados os Catálogos de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e a base OpenGrey. Os resultados serão redigidos de acordo com o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist.

OBJECTIVE: To map available evidence on the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of self-care for oral hygiene in adults and older adults in the nursing field. METHOD: The study will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology. As eligibility criteria, the population of adults and older adults, the concept of self-care for oral hygiene, and the context of nursing care environments will be used. In the search strategy, relevant words will be searched in the titles and abstracts, initially in two databases, which will help achieve the final search strategy for all databases, and, finally, the references of the included studies will be consulted. The databases consulted will be Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science (WOS), and IBECS. The grey literature search will include the CAPES thesis, dissertation bank, and OpenGrey database. The results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

Processes involved in prostaglandin F2alpha autoamplification in heifers.

In brief: Endometrial and luteal synthesis of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2A) occurs before and during luteolysis and is critical for luteal regression. This study demonstrates that PGF2A stimulates further PGF2A synthesis (autoamplification) apparently from the corpus luteum. Abstract: Understanding the endocrine profile of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2A) autoamplification is fundamental to comprehend luteal and endometrial responses to PGF2A. On day 10 of postovulation (preluteolysis), heifers (n = 6/group) were treated intrauterine with saline or PGF2A (0.5 mg; hour 0). A third group received flunixin meglumine + PGF (FM+PGF) to prevent endogenous synthesis of PGF2A. Exogenous PGF2A was metabolized at hour 2 as measured by PGF2A metabolite (PGFM). From hours 5 to 48, concentrations of PGFM were greatest in the PGF group, smallest in the FM+PGF, and intermediate in the control suggesting endogenous synthesis of PGF2A only in PGF group. Progesterone (P4) concentrations decreased transiently between hours 0 and 1 in PGF and FM+PGF groups but rebounded to pretreatment concentrations by hours 6 and 4, respectively. No control or FM+PGF heifers underwent luteolysis during the experimental period. Conversely, in the PGF group, one heifer had complete luteolysis (P4 < 1 ng/mL), two heifers had partial luteolysis followed by P4 and CL resurgence by hour 48, and three heifers did not undergo luteolysis. Endogenous PGF2A appears to be of luteal origin due to the lack of pulsatile pattern of PGFM and lack of endometrial upregulation of oxytocin receptor (typical of endometrial synthesis of PGF2A), whereas luteal downregulation of PGF receptor and HPGD indicates a classic luteal response to PGF2A signaling although other specific mechanisms were not investigated. The hypothesis was supported that a single PGF2A treatment simulating the peak of a natural luteolytic pulse and the uteroovarian transport of PGF2A stimulates measurable endogenous PGF2A production.

Assistência de enfermagem no pré-natal da gestante adolescente: uma revisão integrativa / Prenatal nursing care for adolescent pregnant women: an integrative review / Atención de enfermería prenatal a adolescentes embarazadas: una revisión integradora

A gravidez na adolescência é um problema de saúde pública devido aos riscos relacionados à sua ocorrência. Logo, a assistência de enfermagem torna-se essencial para o início precoce e acompanhamento do pré-natal, com intuito de alcançar resultados favoráveis no ciclo gravídico-puerperal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, na literatura, a assistência de enfermagem no pré-natal e a percepção da gestante adolescente sobre a assistência recebida. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cujas buscas foram realizadas em junho de 2022, nas bases de dados SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, MEDLINE (PubMed) e BDENF. Foram selecionados 12 artigos para compor a amostra deste estudo. Observou-se que as adolescentes apontaram situações positivas durante a assistência pré-natal, como: relacionamento e tratamento respeitoso, participação em grupos de gestantes adolescentes, abordagens diferenciadas para orientações de educação em saúde, promoção do autocuidado, conscientização sobre importância do pré-natal e inserção familiar. Entretanto também relataram situações negativas, como: deficiências nas orientações, falta de habilidades dos profissionais em se relacionar com adolescentes, preconceito, atitudes de desencorajamento, comprometimento da privacidade e confidencialidade, assim como interrupção na continuidade do cuidado. Os achados desta revisão demonstraram que a assistência de enfermagem em sua maioria é respeitosa e acolhedora, entretanto a percepção das adolescentes grávidas variou entre experiências negativas e positivas, influenciando no seguimento do pré-natal, por isso é necessário aprimoramento dos enfermeiros para atendimento da gestante adolescente.

Teenage pregnancy is a public health problem due to the risks related to its occurrence. Therefore, nursing care becomes essential for the early initiation and monitoring of prenatal care, with the aim of achieving favorable results in the pregnancy- puerperal cycle. The objective of this study was to analyze, in the literature, nursing care in prenatal care and the perception of pregnant teenagers about the care received. This is an integrative literature review, whose searches were carried out in June 2022, in the SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, MEDLINE (PubMed) and BDENF databases. Twelve articles were selected to compose the sample of this study. It was observed that the adolescents pointed out positive situations during prenatal care, such as: respectful relationship and treatment, participation in groups of pregnant teenagers, different approaches to health education guidelines, promotion of self-care, awareness of the importance of prenatal care and family insertion. However, they also reported negative situations, such as: deficiencies in the guidelines, lack of skills of professionals in relating to adolescents, prejudice, attitudes of discouragement, compromise of privacy and confidentiality, as well as interruption in the continuity of care. The findings of this review demonstrated that nursing care is mostly respectful and welcoming, however, the perception of pregnant adolescents varied between negative and positive experiences, influencing the prenatal follow-up, which is why it is necessary to improve nurses to care for pregnant women adolescent.

El embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública debido a los riesgos relacionados con su ocurrencia. Por lo tanto, el cuidado de enfermería se vuelve fundamental para el inicio temprano y seguimiento de la atención prenatal, con el objetivo de lograr resultados favorables en el ciclo embarazo-puerperio. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar, en la literatura, el cuidado de enfermería en el prenatal y la percepción de las adolescentes embarazadas sobre el cuidado recibido. Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, cuyas búsquedas se realizaron en junio de 2022, en las bases de datos SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, MEDLINE (PubMed) y BDENF. Doce artículos fueron seleccionados para componer la muestra de este estudio. Se observó que las adolescentes señalaron situaciones positivas durante el prenatal, tales como: relación y trato respetuoso, participación en grupos de adolescentes embarazadas, diferentes abordajes de las pautas de educación en salud, promoción del autocuidado, conciencia de la importancia del prenatal y inserción familiar. Sin embargo, también relataron situaciones negativas, como: deficiencias en las orientaciones, falta de competencia de los profesionales en el relacionamiento con los adolescentes, prejuicios, actitudes de desánimo, compromiso de la privacidad y confidencialidad, así como interrupción en la continuidad del cuidado. Los hallazgos de esta revisión demostraron que la atención de enfermería es en su mayoría respetuosa y acogedora, sin embargo, la percepción de las adolescentes embarazadas varió entre experiencias negativas y positivas, influyendo en el seguimiento prenatal, por lo que es necesario perfeccionar a las enfermeras para el cuidado de las gestantes. adolescente.

Estudo Morfofuncional do Átrio Esquerdo Isolado de um Modelo Experimental de Hipertensão Pulmonar em Ratos / Isolated Left Atrium Morphofunctional Study of an Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension Model in Rats

Resumo Fundamento A alta incidência de arritmias atriais na hipertensão pulmonar (HP) pode estar associada a um prognóstico ruim, e o átrio esquerdo (AE) pode desempenhar um papel neste quadro. Um achado importante nos estudos de HP é que a remodelação do AE é subestimada. Objetivo Este estudo investigou a morfologia e a função mecânica do AE, bem como a suscetibilidade ao desenvolvimento de arritmias em um modelo de HP induzida por monocrotalina (HP-MCT). Métodos Ratos Wistar com 4 semanas de idade receberam 50 mg/kg de MCT. Foram realizadas análises eletrocardiográficas e histológicas para avaliar o estabelecimento do modelo de HP-MCT. O tecido foi montado em banho de órgão isolado para caracterizar a função mecânica do AE. Resultados Em comparação com o grupo controle, o modelo de HP-MCT apresentou hipertrofia do AE e alterações da atividade elétrica cardíaca, conforme evidenciadas pelo aumento da duração da onda P, PR e intervalo QT. Não foi observada alteração no inotropismo do AE isolado de ratos com HP-MCT; no entanto, o tempo para atingir a contração máxima foi atrasado. Finalmente, não observamos diferença na suscetibilidade à arritmia no AE dos ratos com HP-MCT após o protocolo de estimulação intermitente. Conclusão A remodelação morfofuncional do AE não levou ao aumento da suscetibilidade à arritmia ex vivo após a aplicação do protocolo de estimulação intermitente.

Abstract Background The high incidence of atrial arrhythmias in pulmonary hypertension (PH) might be associated with poor prognosis, and the left atrium (LA) may play a role in this. An important finding in PH studies is that LA remodeling is underestimated. Objective This study investigated LA morphology and mechanical function, as well as the susceptibility to develop arrhythmias in a monocrotaline-induced PH (MCT-PH) model. Methods Wistar rats aged 4 weeks received 50 mg/kg of MCT. Electrocardiography and histology analysis were performed to evaluate the establishment of the MCT-PH model. The tissue was mounted in an isolated organ bath to characterize the LA mechanical function Results Compared with the control group (CTRL), the MCT-PH model presented LA hypertrophy and changes in cardiac electrical activity, as evidenced by increased P wave duration, PR and QT interval in MCT-PH rats. In LA isolated from MCT-PH rats, no alteration in inotropism was observed; however, the time to peak contraction was delayed in the experimental MCT-PH group. Finally, there was no difference in arrhythmia susceptibility of LA from MCT-PH animals after the burst pacing protocol. Conclusion The morphofunctional remodeling of the LA did not lead to increased susceptibility to ex vivo arrhythmia after application of the burst pacing protocol.

Políticas de permanência estudantil na educação superior: reflexões de uma revisão da literatura para o contexto brasileiro / Políticas de retención de estudiantes en educación superior: reflexiones a partir de una revisión de la literatura para el contexto brasileño / Student retention policies in higher education: reflections from a literature review for the Brazilian context

Resumo A evasão no ensino superior é uma questão de interesse global e, para reduzi-la, diversas políticas foram criadas visando ao incentivo da permanência de alunos nas universidades. Este artigo objetivou identificar padrões de avaliação de políticas de permanência estudantil na educação superior mediante uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com base em 39 documentos selecionados nas bases Scopus, Sage Journals, Web of Science, Google Acadêmico e Periódicos Capes. Em relação às formas de avaliação, os resultados indicaram a predominância de análises dos efeitos das políticas sobre a evasão, mas também havia estudos que avaliaram o desempenho e o tempo até a diplomação dos alunos. As pesquisas foram majoritariamente aplicadas em ambientes universitários de natureza pública, o que indica a escassez de produções científicas sobre instituições de ensino privadas. Quanto aos formatos das políticas de permanência, a literatura apontou quatro espécies de auxílio com naturezas distintas: financeiro, assistencial, baseado em mérito acadêmico e por critérios de necessidade/vulnerabilidade dos estudantes. Com a pesquisa, propôs-se uma avaliação das políticas de permanência em formato tríplice, considerando a permanência, o desempenho e o tempo até a diplomação. Entre as lacunas da literatura, evidenciaram-se os estudos comparativos de diferentes políticas.

Resumen La deserción en la educación superior es un tema de interés mundial y, para reducirla, se crearon varias políticas para alentar a los estudiantes a permanecer en las universidades. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo identificar patrones de evaluación de las políticas de retención de estudiantes en la educación superior a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, con base en 39 documentos seleccionados en Scopus, Sage Journals, Web of Science, Google Academic y periódicos CAPES. Con relación a las formas de evaluación, los resultados indicaron el predominio de análisis sobre los efectos de las políticas en la deserción, pero que también hubo estudios que evaluaron el desempeño y el tiempo de graduación de los estudiantes. Las investigaciones se aplicaron mayoritariamente en ambientes universitarios públicos, lo que indica una escasez de producción científica sobre las instituciones educativas privadas. En cuanto a los formatos de las políticas de retención, la literatura señaló cuatro tipos de ayudas con distinta naturaleza: económicas, asistenciales, basadas en el mérito académico y en criterios de necesidad/vulnerabilidad de los estudiantes. Con base en la investigación, se propuso una evaluación de las políticas de retención de formato triple, considerando la permanencia, el desempeño y el tiempo hasta la graduación. Entre las brechas en la literatura, se destacaron los estudios comparativos entre los tipos de políticas.

Abstract Dropout in higher education is a matter of global interest, and several policies were created to encourage students to stay in universities. This article aimed to identify patterns of evaluation of student retention policies in higher education through a systematic literature review, selecting 39 documents from Scopus, Sage Journals, Web of Science, Google academic, and CAPES Periodicals. Regarding evaluation forms, the results indicated the predominance of analyses on the effects of policies on dropout. However, some studies evaluated students' performance and time to graduation. Research works were mostly applied in public university environments, which indicates a scarcity of scientific production about private educational institutions. As for the formats of permanence policies, the literature pointed out four types of aid with different natures: financial, assistance, based on academic merit, and by criteria of students' need/vulnerability. Based on the research, it was proposed that the evaluation of permanence policies should be threefold, considering permanence, performance, and time until graduation. Among the gaps in the literature, comparative studies between the types of policies were highlighted.

Obesidade e sobrepeso em trabalhadores feirantes e seus fatores associados / Obesity and overweight in market workers and their associated factors

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em trabalhadores feirantes de Guanambi e verificar sua associação com características sociodemográficas e laborais. Metodologia: Estudo censitário e transversal, desenvolvido com dados obtidos da baseline de pesquisa maior denominada "Acidentes de trabalho em feirantes e as condições laborais e de saúde: estudo prospectivo". A coleta de dados ocorreu entres os meses de janeiro a março de 2018, por meio da aplicação de formulários e verificação de dados antropométricos de peso e estatura. A análise foi realizada com auxílio do software IBM SPSS, descritiva, com cálculos de frequências relativas e absolutas, teste do Qui-quadrado do Person, utilizando valor de p ≤ 0,05 como significância estatística. Resultados: Observou-se que 33,3% apresentaram sobrepeso e 28,6 % obesidade, resultando em 66,5 % trabalhadores com excesso de peso. Dos quais, 71,5 % era de prevalência do sexo feminino, entre a faixa etária de 41 a 59 77,5%, com escolaridade até o ensino fundamental 73,3 % e 65,0% dos trabalhadores que relataram perfil de vida negativo. Em relação ao tipo de mercadoria comercializada, o maior percentual foi em produtos in natura 65,8%. Quanto à comorbidades, Diabetes Mellitus e Hipertensão Arterial, apresentaram respectivamente, 65,4% e 61,4% excesso de peso. Conclusão: Foram encontrados fatores modificáveis e não modificáveis nos trabalhadores com maiores frequências de obesidade e sobrepeso. Aponta-se a importância de ações de promoção à saúde junto a tais trabalhadores visando minimizar potenciais riscos à saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en trabajadores del mercado de Guanambi y verificar su asociación con características sociodemográficas y laborales. Método: Censo y estudio transversal, desarrollado con datos de la línea base de otra investigación más amplia, denominada "Accidentes de trabajo en vendedores ambulantes y condiciones de salud y trabajo: estudio prospectivo". La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de enero a marzo de 2018, mediante la aplicación de formularios y verificación de datos antropométricos de peso y talla. El análisis se realizó con la ayuda del software IBM SPSS, descriptivo, con cálculos de frecuencias relativas y absolutas, prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Person, utilizando p ≤ 0.05 como significancia estadística. Resultados: Se observó que el 33.3 % tenían sobrepeso y el 28.6 % (122) obesidad, por lo cual 66.5 % trabajadores tenían sobrepeso. De esta cantidad de trabajadores, 71.5 % (173) eran mujeres, 77.5 % estaban en el grupo de edad 41-59, 73.3 % tenían escolaridad hasta primaria y 65.0 % de trabajadores que reportaron un perfil de vida negativo. En cuanto al tipo de mercadería vendida, el mayor porcentaje fue en productos in natura 65.8 %. En cuanto a las comorbilidades, 65.4 % tenía diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial y el 61.4 % tenía sobrepeso. Conclusión: Se encontraron factores modificables y no modificables en trabajadores con mayor frecuencia de obesidad y sobrepeso. Se destaca la importancia de las acciones de promoción de la salud con esta población, con el objetivo de minimizar los posibles riesgos para la salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in market workers in Guanambi and to verify its association with sociodemographic and labor characteristics. Method: The study was carried out through a census and cross-sectional study developed with data obtained from a larger research baseline called "Work accidents at street vendors and health and work conditions: prospective study". The data collection took place between January and March 2018 through the application of forms and the verification of anthropometric data of weight and height. The analysis was carried out with the aid of the IBM SPSS software, descriptive, with calculations of relative and absolute frequencies, and Person's Chi-square test using p ≤ 0.05 as statistical significance. Results: It was observed that 33.3% of the population was overweight and 28.6% (122) presented obesity, resulting in 66.5% overweight workers. Of which, 71.5% (173) were female, between the 41-59 age group, 77.5%, with schooling up to elementary school 73.3% and 65.0% of workers who reported a life profile negative. Regarding the type of merchandise sold, the highest percentage was in products in nature 65.8%. As for comorbidities, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension, 65.4% and 61.4% were overweight, respectively. Conclusion: Modifiable and non-modifiable factors were found in workers with higher frequencies of obesity and overweight. The importance of health promotion actions with such workers is pointed out, aiming to minimize potential health risks.

Obesidade e sobrepeso em trabalhadores feirantes e seus fatores associados

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em trabalhadores feirantes de Guanambi e verificar sua associação com características sociodemográficas e laborais. Metodologia: Estudo censitário e transversal, desenvolvido com dados obtidos da baseline de pesquisa maior denominada "Acidentes de trabalho em feirantes e as condições laborais e de saúde: estudo prospectivo". A coleta de dados ocorreu entres os meses de janeiro a março de 2018, por meio da aplicação de formulários e verificação de dados antropométricos de peso e estatura. A análise foi realizada com auxílio do software IBM SPSS, descritiva, com cálculos de frequências relativas e absolutas, teste do Qui-quadrado do Person, utilizando valor de p ≤ 0,05 como significância estatística. Resultados: Observou-se que 33,3% apresentaram sobrepeso e 28,6 % obesidade, resultando em 66,5 % trabalhadores com excesso de peso. Dos quais, 71,5 % era de prevalência do sexo feminino, entre a faixa etária de 41 a 59 77,5%, com escolaridade até o ensino fundamental 73,3 % e 65,0% dos trabalhadores que relataram perfil de vida negativo. Em relação ao tipo de mercadoria comercializada, o maior percentual foi em produtos in natura 65,8%. Quanto à comorbidades, Diabetes Mellitus e Hipertensão Arterial, apresentaram respectivamente, 65,4% e 61,4% excesso de peso. Conclusão: Foram encontrados fatores modificáveis e não modificáveis nos trabalhadores com maiores frequências de obesidade e sobrepeso. Aponta-se a importância de ações de promoção à saúde junto a tais trabalhadores visando minimizar potenciais riscos à saúde.

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en trabajadores del mercado de Guanambi y verificar su asociación con características sociodemográficas y laborales. Método: Censo y estudio transversal, desarrollado con datos de la línea base de otra investigación más amplia, denominada "Accidentes de trabajo en vendedores ambulantes y condiciones de salud y trabajo: estudio prospectivo". La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de enero a marzo de 2018, mediante la aplicación de formularios y verificación de datos antropométricos de peso y talla. El análisis se realizó con la ayuda del software IBM SPSS, descriptivo, con cálculos de frecuencias relativas y absolutas, prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Person, utilizando p ≤ 0.05 como significancia estadística. Resultados: Se observó que el 33.3 % tenían sobrepeso y el 28.6 % (122) obesidad, por lo cual 66.5 % trabajadores tenían sobrepeso. De esta cantidad de trabajadores, 71.5 % (173) eran mujeres, 77.5 % estaban en el grupo de edad 41-59, 73.3 % tenían escolaridad hasta primaria y 65.0 % de trabajadores que reportaron un perfil de vida negativo. En cuanto al tipo de mercadería vendida, el mayor porcentaje fue en productos in natura 65.8 %. En cuanto a las comorbilidades, 65.4 % tenía diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial y el 61.4 % tenía sobrepeso. Conclusión: Se encontraron factores modificables y no modificables en trabajadores con mayor frecuencia de obesidad y sobrepeso. Se destaca la importancia de las acciones de promoción de la salud con esta población, con el objetivo de minimizar los posibles riesgos para la salud.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in market workers in Guanambi and to verify its association with sociodemographic and labor characteristics. Method: The study was carried out through a census and cross-sectional study developed with data obtained from a larger research baseline called "Work accidents at street vendors and health and work conditions: prospective study". The data collection took place between January and March 2018 through the application of forms and the verification of anthropometric data of weight and height. The analysis was carried out with the aid of the IBM SPSS software, descriptive, with calculations of relative and absolute frequencies, and Person's Chi-square test using p ≤ 0.05 as statistical significance. Results: It was observed that 33.3% of the population was overweight and 28.6% (122) presented obesity, resulting in 66.5% overweight workers. Of which, 71.5% (173) were female, between the 41-59 age group, 77.5%, with schooling up to elementary school 73.3% and 65.0% of workers who reported a life profile negative. Regarding the type of merchandise sold, the highest percentage was in products in nature 65.8%. As for comorbidities, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension, 65.4% and 61.4% were overweight, respectively. Conclusion: Modifiable and non-modifiable factors were found in workers with higher frequencies of obesity and overweight. The importance of health promotion actions with such workers is pointed out, aiming to minimize potential health risks.

Immunological Characteristics between αß TDC and γδ TDC Cells in the Spleen of Breast Cancer-Induced Mice.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antitumoral role of γδ TDC cells and αß TDC cells in an experimental model of breast cancer. METHODS: Thirty female Balb/c mice were divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 15) and induced-4T1 group (n = 15), in which the mice received 2 × 105 4T1 mammary tumor cell line. Following the 28-day experimental period, immune cells were collected from the spleen and analyzed by flow cytometry for comparison of αß TDC (TCRαß+ CD11c+MHCII+) and γδ TDC (TCRγδ+CD11c+MHCII+) cells regarding surface markers (CD4+ and C8+) and cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-17). RESULTS: A total of 26.53% of γδ TDC - control group (p < 0.0001) - the proportion of αß TDC was lower in splenic cells than γδ TDC; however, these 2 cell types were reduced in tumor conditions (p < 0.0001), and the proportion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-17 cytokines produced by γδ TDC was higher than those produced by αß TDC, but it decreased under conditions of tumor-related immune system response (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Healthy mice engrafted with malignant cells 4T1 breast tumor presented TDC with γδ TCR repertoire. These cells express cytotoxic molecules of lymphocytes T, producing anti-tumor proinflammatory cytokines.

OBJETIVO: Esclarecer o possível papel antitumoral das células TDC γδ e TDC αß em um modelo experimental de câncer de mama. MéTODOS: Trinta baços de camundongos Balb/c analisados por citometria de fluxo, separados entre grupo controle (n = 15) e o grupo tumoral induzido por 4T1 (n = 15). RESULTADOS: Presença de 26,53% de TDC γδ nos camundongos do grupo controle (p < 0,0001), proporção de TDC αß menor em células esplênicas do que TDC γδ; no entanto, estes dois tipos de células são reduzidos em condições tumorais (p < 0,0001), e a proporção de citocinas IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 e IL-17 produzidas pelas célula TDC γδ foi maior do que as produzidas pelas células TDC αß, mas foram diminuídas sob condições de resposta ao sistema imunológico relacionada ao tumor (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSãO: Camundongos saudáveis induzidos ao tumor de mama 4T1 apresentaram TDC com repertório TCR γδ. Estas células expressam moléculas citotóxicas de linfócitos T, produzindo citocinas proinflamatórias anti-tumor.

Immunological Characteristics between αß TDC and γδ TDC Cells in the Spleen of Breast Cancer-Induced Mice / Características imunológicas entre células TDC αß e TDC γδ no baço de camundongos com câncer de mama induzido

Abstract Objective To evaluate the antitumoral role of γδ TDC cells and αβ TDC cells in an experimental model of breast cancer. Methods Thirty female Balb/c mice were divided into 2 groups: control group (n=15) and induced-4T1 group (n=15), in which the mice received 2 x 105 4T1 mammary tumor cell line. Following the 28-day experimental period, immune cells were collected from the spleen and analyzed by flow cytometry for comparison of αβ TDC (TCRαβ+ CD11c+MHCII+) and γδ TDC (TCRγδ+CD11c+MHCII+) cells regarding surface markers (CD4+ and C8+) and cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-17). Results A total of 26.53% of γδ TDC- control group (p<0.0001) - the proportion of αβ TDC was lower in splenic cells than γδ TDC; however, these 2 cell types were reduced in tumor conditions (p<0.0001), and the proportion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-17 cytokines produced by γδ TDC was higher than those produced by αβ TDC, but it decreased under conditions of tumor-related immune system response (p<0.0001). Conclusion Healthy mice engrafted with malignant cells 4T1 breast tumor presented TDC with γδ TCR repertoire. These cells express cytotoxic molecules of lymphocytes T, producing anti-tumor proinflammatory cytokines.

Resumo Objetivo Esclarecer o possível papel antitumoral das células TDC γδ e TDC αβ em um modelo experimental de câncer de mama. Métodos Trinta baços de camundongos Balb/c analisados por citometria de fluxo, separados entre grupo controle (n=15) e o grupo tumoral induzido por 4T1 (n=15). Resultados Presença de 26,53% de TDC γδ nos camundongos do grupo controle (p<0,0001), proporção de TDC αβ menor em células esplênicas do que TDC γδ; no entanto, estes dois tipos de células são reduzidos emcondições tumorais (p<0,0001), e a proporção de citocinas IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 e IL-17 produzidas pelas célula TDC γδ foi maior do que as produzidas pelas células TDC αβ, mas foram diminuídas sob condições de resposta ao sistema imunológico relacionada ao tumor (p<0,0001). Conclusão Camundongos saudáveis induzidos ao tumor de mama 4T1 apresentaram TDC com repertório TCR γδ. Estas células expressam moléculas citotóxicas de linfócitos T, produzindo citocinas proinflamatórias anti-tumor.

Avaliação da condição gengival de escolares em uma instituição do Sudoeste da Bahia: "Programa AABB comunidade" / Evaluation of the gingival condition of schoolchildren in an institution in the southwest bahia: "AABB Community Integration Program"

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o índice de biofilme dental e a severidade da gengivite em escolares antes e após uma sessão de educação em saúde bucal realizada pelo "Programa de Integração AABB Comunidade", em um município do sudoeste Baiano. Metodologia: Foi realizadoo levantamento do índice de biofilme dental e a severidade da gengivite em 70 crianças e adolescentes com faixa etária de 6 a 17 anos. Os respon-sáveis concordaram com o exame clínico e assinaram o TCLE (Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido). Resultados: A predominância de inflamação gengival, observada e avaliada através da presença do sangramento à sondagem, foi constatada clinicamente em todos os participantes, sendo que, na primeira avaliação, 22,9% apresentaram um quadro de gengivite leve, 44,3% de gengivite moderada e 32,9% de gengivite grave. Já na segunda avaliação, 80% apresentaram um quadro de gengivite leve e 20% de gengivite moderada, não havendo presença de gengivite grave em nenhum participante, o que comprovou uma redução do grau de inflamação gengival. Conclusão: O trabalho demonstrou uma redução no índice de biofilme dental e no grau de gengivite nos escolares após as sessões de educa-ção em saúde bucal.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the index of dental biofilm and the severity of gingi-vitis in schoolchildren before and after an oral health education lesson that was held in the "AABB Community Integration Program" in a town in southwestern Bahia. Methodology:A survey was carried out on the index of dental biofilm and on the severity of gingivitis in 70 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 17 years old, whose guardians agreed with the clinical examination and signed the Informed Consent Form. Results: The predo-minance of gingival inflammation, observed and assessed through the presence of bleeding on probing, was clinically observed in all participants. In the first assessment, 22.9% had mild gingivitis, 44.3% moderate gingivitis, and 32.9% severe gingivitis. In the second as-sessment, 80% had mild gingivitis and 20% moderate gingivitis, with no severe gingivitis present in any participant, which proved a reduction in the degree of gingival inflammation. Conclusion: The work demonstrated a reduction in the index of dental biofilm and on the degree of gingivitis in schoolchildren after the oral health education lesson.

Safety and Feasibility of Outpatient High Dose Cytarabine for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Brazilian Amazon.

Background: The attempt to manage patients with acute myeloid leukemia as outpatients has become increasingly common due to high hospitalization costs, low availability for beds and patient preference. Publications on the subject are scarce, especially in low-income regions and the safety in this population remains to be determined. The present study aims to assess the safety of consolidation with high-dose cytarabine in the outpatient setting. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 39 patients who underwent consolidation with high-dose cytarabine, between 2009 and 2018, at Ophir Loyola Hospital, in Belém, Brazil. Patients treated after 2015 were given high-dose cytarabine as outpatients due to the decision of medical staff. Results: Twenty-seven patients received 76 cycles of cytarabine as outpatients; males were 48.14% of the total population, with a median age of approximately 45 years. The occurrence of delay between cycles was significantly lower among outpatients (48.14% vs. 83.33%, p = 0.04). There was no difference in relapse rates, transfusion requirements and non-relapse mortality between both groups. Hospitalization was required in 40.74% of patients during outpatient cycles and 18.51% of blood cultures were positive for pathogens. Non-relapse mortality was significantly higher among patients above 50 years old and treated on an outpatient basis (44.4% vs. 5.60%, p = 0.03). Conclusion: High-dose cytarabine administration on an outpatient basis appears to be safe and effective in a low-income population at the Brazilian Amazon region, but toxicity seems to be increased for patients older than 50 years.

Toxicological and Pharmacological Activities of Leptohyptis macrostachys (Benth.) Harley and J.F.B.Pastore (Lamiaceae) on Intestinal Smooth Muscle.

Leptohyptis macrostachys, previously known as Hyptis macrostachys Benth., is used in folk medicine to relieve the symptoms of asthma, cough, and bronchitis. Recently, we showed that the ethanol extract obtained from Leptohyptis macrostachys has selective spasmolytic activity on guinea pig ileum. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the spasmolytic mechanism of this extract, investigated whether it presents toxicological and antidiarrheal activities. Therefore, the crude ethanolic extract of Leptohyptis macrostachys was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The spasmolytic effect was evaluated on guinea pig ileum, toxicological activity using rats and antidiarrheal activity using male and female mice. In HPLC-DAD analysis, Rosmarinic acid (5.44%) was the most abundant phenolic compound, being considered as a chemical marker. The spasmolytic potency of the extract on histamine-induced contraction was reduced in the presence of 1 mM TEA+, a selective big-conductance K+ channels blocker (BKCa). The extract produces a dose-dependent antidiarrheal activity, inhibiting equipotently defecation frequency and liquid stool formation. In addition, the extract has inhibited in a dose-dependent manner both castor oil-induced intestinal transit and intestinal fluid content. Thus, the spasmolytic activity of the extract involves positive modulation of BKCa and its antidiarrheal activity is related to inhibition of intestinal motility and secretion.

Abortamento: uma análise situacional / Abortion: a situational analysis

Objetivo: analisar a situação de abortamentos ocorridos em uma maternidade pública. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, documental, retrospectiva e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma maternidade pública de referência no município de Caxias ­ Maranhão. A população foi composta por 147 mulheres admitidas na maternidade com diagnóstico de abortamento. As informações foram coletadas nos prontuários na referida maternidade, utilizando um formulário. Os dados foram analisados com base em frequências absolutas e percentuais. O estudo foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão sob número de parecer 3.446.360. Resultados: a maioria das mulheres estudadas tinham entre 20 e 34 anos; eram casadas; residiam na zona rural; não desenvolviam trabalho remunerado; tinham entre 1 e 9 anos de estudo; não haviam iniciado acompanhamento pré-natal; eram multíparas, sem histórico de abortamentos e estavam no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Os abortamentos foram classificados em sua maioria como incompletos e o procedimento mais realizado foi a curetagem. Conclusão: o abortamento constitui-se um importante problema de saúde pública, fazendo-se necessário, o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas com ênfase na prevenção de gravidez indesejada, adequado planejamento familiar e captação precoce da gestante para acompanhamento pré-natal.

Objective: to analyze the situation of abortions in a public maternity. Methodology: this is a descriptive, documentary, retrospective and transversal study, with a quantitative approach, carried out in a public maternity of reference in the city of Caxias - Maranhão. The population consisted of 147 women admitted to the maternity hospital diagnosed with abortion. Information was collected from medical records at the referred maternity hospital, using a form. The data were analyzed based on absolute frequencies and percentages. The study was submitted to and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the State University of Maranhão under opinion number 3,446,360. Results: most of the women studied were between 20 and 34 years old; they were married; lived in the countryside; they did not carry out paid work; had between 1 and 9 years of study; they had not started prenatal care; they were multiparous, with no history of abortions and were in the first trimester of pregnancy. Most abortions were classified as incomplete and the most performed procedure was curettage. Conclusion: abortion is an important public health problem, making it necessary to develop public policies with an emphasis on preventing unwanted pregnancies, adequate family planning and early capture of pregnant women for prenatal care.

Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento da amamentação na primeira hora de vida / Factors associated with the development of breastfeeding in the first hour of life

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento da amamentação na primeira hora de vida. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado num Hospital público de referência do município de Picos-PI. A população foi composta por 587 mães cuja crianças foram nascidas vivas durante o ano de 2015. Para coletar os dados foi utilizado um formulário. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences, os testes T de Student, teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, teste de Fisher, Razão de Verossimilhança e Odds Ratio. Para todos os testes, foi considerado o valor de p<0,05. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Piauí sob número de parecer 1.144.279. Resultados: os resultados mostraram que a prevalência da amamentação na primeira hora de vida ocorreu em quase dois terços das mães, sendo 90% maior entre mulheres de parto vaginal quando comparadas às de parto cesariana; e 70% maior entre as mulheres que residiam na zona rural, quando comparadas às da zona urbana. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem que os fatores relacionados à assistência ao parto e as zonas de moradia, são os que exercem maior influência sobre o início oportuno da amamentação.

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the development of breastfeeding in the first hour of life. Methodology: it is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted in a public reference hospital in the city of Picos-PI. The population consisted of 587 mothers whose children were born alive during 2015. To collect data, a form was used. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Program, Student's t-tests, Pearson's Chi-square test, Fisher's test, Likelihood Ratio and Odds Ratio. For all tests, p <0.05 was considered. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Piauí under number 1,144,279. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of breastfeeding in the first hour of life occurred in almost two thirds of mothers, being 90% higher among women of vaginal delivery when compared to cesarean section; and 70% higher among women living in rural areas compared to those in urban areas. Conclusion: the results suggest that factors related to childbirth care and living areas are the ones that exert the greatest influence on the timely onset of breastfeeding.

Influência da idade materna nas condições perinatais em nascidos vivos de São Luís, Maranhão / Influence of maternal age in perinatal conditions in live births of São Luís, Maranhão / Influencia de la edad materna en las condiciones perinatales en nacidos vivos de San Luís, Maranhão

Objetivo: investigar os fatores maternos e perinatais associados aos extremos da idade reprodutiva da mulher em São Luís, Maranhão. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em São Luís/MA, com população de 16.474 mães. Os dados foram coletados no Sinasc disponibilizado pela Secretaria Municipal. Utilizou-se o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e calculou-se a Odds Ratio com nível de significância de α = 0.05. Resultados: verificou-se que as adolescentes apresentaram maior chance de nascimentos prematuros (OR=1,37; p< 0,001 mulheres com idade avançada apresentaram maior risco para baixo peso ao nascer (OR=1,22; p=0,022). Tanto as adolescentes (OR=2,09; p< 0,001) quanto as mães com idade avançada (OR=1,85; p<0,0011) possuem chances aumentadas para realizarem menos que seis consultas de pré-natal. Conclusão: os resultados perinatais, nascimento prematuro, baixo peso ao nascer e a realização de menos de seis consultas pré-natais são elevados nas gestações de adolescentes e mulheres em idade avançada

Objective: to investigate maternal and perinatal factors associated with extremes of women's reproductive age in São Luís, Maranhão. Method: this is a cross-sectional study conducted in São Luís/MA, with a population of 16,474 mothers. The data were collected in the Sinasc provided by the Municipal Health Secretariat. We used the Pearson Chi-square test and calculated the odds ratio with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: it was verified that the adolescents had a higher chance of preterm birth (OR=1.37; p<0,001); Women aged 35 years or older were at increased risk for low birth weight (OR=1.22; p=0.022). Both adolescents (OR=2.09; p<0,001) and older mothers (OR=1.85; p<0,001) have an increased chance to perform less than six prenatal visits. Conclusion: perinatal outcomes, preterm birth, low birth weight and fewer than six prenatal visits are frequent in the pregnancies of adolescents and women of advanced age